How Drug Makers Manipulate Patents to Keep Insulin Prices High | Here Come The Naked Short-Selling Conspiracy Theorists | How Micron is building the biggest chip fab in U.S. history despite a China ban and smartphone slump | TIME100 Climate 2023: Lisa P. Jackson

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� � � � � � You Might Like � � � � � � � � � How Drug Makers Manipulate Patents to Keep Insulin Prices High - TIME    The financial burden of high insulin costs that patients and insurers face is often blamed on the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) regulatory framework, but a new study suggests pharmaceutical companies have also been using patenting processes to unfairly maintain high costs. In the FDA’s master list of approved medications, devices, and other therapeutics, a document known as the Orange Book, patent ownership of each item governs which companies are allowed to manufacture and sell which therapies. The FDA deals with drug approval, but patents are granted by another agency entirely, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Though there are rules governing which developments by pharmaceutical companies merit inclusion in the FDA’s Orange Book, experts have long said that the book remains full of improper patents that unfairly hamper market competition. Because patents in the Orange Book lock in a period of market exclusivity for the holder that’s stayed at least 30 months even in the face of legal challenges from smaller companies, filing additional patents on product lines can allow manufacturers to operate without competition—and thus sell at higher prices—for longer periods of time. While a patent remains in the Orange Book, the FDA cannot approve an equivalent generic.  Feldman and his colleagues analyzed all publicly available FDA and patent data on insulin products from 1986 to 2019. “We went through every single Orange Book from every single year, and picked out every single patent on every single insulin product,” says Feldman. In this time period, 56 brand-name insulin products were approved, many from some of the world’s largest pharma companies, including Eli Lilly and Novo Norodisk. They also looked at the patent history of other small-molecule drugs (a category to which insulin belonged until 2020, when it was more accurately recategorized as a biologic). While there was opportunistic patenting across the board, the median number of years of market protection for all of the small-molecule drugs was 14; insulin products, however, averaged 16 years. Continued here Here Come The Naked Short-Selling Conspiracy Theorists - Forbes    The SEC’s tardiness in reporting fails-to-deliver has retail investors donning the tin foil. The Securities and Exchange Commission, the stock market’s No. 1 rule enforcer, is three weeks late in publishing fails-to-deliver data for the first half of October. That’s despite the fact that the regulator managed to release the data for the second half of October on time. The SEC’s late arrival to the data party is stirring up chatter among the naked short-selling truthers. They’re eyeing the SEC with a raised eyebrow, wondering if there’s a secret plot brewing. That shouldn’t come as a surprise. While the claim that the SEC is in on a cover-up of a plot to destroy America through widespread Wall Street naked short-selling is, to put it lightly, a stretch, ever since the meme-stock mania of 2021 the idea of naked short-selling has been an obsession for an increasingly vocal bunch of retail traders. Continued here Don't like ads? Go ad-free with TradeBriefs Premium How Micron is building the biggest chip fab in U.S. history despite a China ban and smartphone slump - CNBC    Memory chips are at the center of all devices, helping store and access data in smartphones, computers and the servers training generative artificial intelligence models. Just three companies make more than 90% of the world's dynamic random-access memory, or DRAM, chips. With Samsung and SK Hynix both headquartered in South Korea, Idaho-based Micron is the only manufacturer in the U.S. — that has made it the latest target of China's bans on U.S. technologies. About a quarter of Micron's revenue comes from China, and "about half that revenue is at risk," Micron CEO Sanjay Mehrotra told CNBC in an interview. Continued here TIME100 Climate 2023: Lisa P. Jackson - Time    Lisa P. Jackson is Apple’s head of environment, policy, and social initiatives. Under her leadership she is steering the company to carbon neutrality across its global corporate operations and pushed for suppliers to use renewable energy. This year, Apple announced an up to $200 million investment into its Restore Fund to further support carbon removal projects. What is the single most important action you think the public, or a specific company or government, needs to take in the next year to advance the climate agenda?Businesses can lead climate progress by cutting greenhouse gas emissions across the value chain—as much and as fast as we can. We’re approaching our Apple 2030 goal to make every product carbon neutral by reducing emissions from their three biggest sources: electricity, materials, and transportation. Any company can follow that simple blueprint. To address remaining emissions, businesses can drive investment in communities on the front lines of the climate crisis through nature-based carbon removal. I visited a project in Kenya this year that has created women-led grass seed banks, and trained hundreds of local Maasai community members in updated rangeland management techniques to get more value out of the land. Business investment in carbon removal helps make this possible. What is a climate technology that isn’t getting the attention or funding it deserves?Drastic emissions reductions are possible with today’s solutions—for our carbon neutral Apple Watch, we’ve reduced its emissions by a massive 78%. But there are emissions that simply can’t be avoided with today’s available solutions. One big example is transportation—there just aren’t technologies available at scale that can zero-out emissions from business travel, commute, or shipping. Ramped up innovation and investment can break through those technical and commercial barriers. The potential for more sustainable aviation fuel is there, and there are promising new technologies out there aimed at decarbonizing ocean shipping—accelerated study and investment can help industry tap into this opportunity. Continued here

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